What does de facto discrimination refer to?

De facto discrimination refers to discrimination that occurs as a result of societal norms, practices, and cultural patterns rather than being formally sanctioned by law. This type of discrimination can manifest in various aspects of life, including education, housing, employment, and social interactions. It reflects the reality of how people or groups experience inequality through commonly accepted social practices, biases, or customs.

The correct choice highlights that de facto discrimination emerges not from legislation but from the behaviors and attitudes prevalent in society. It contrasts with de jure discrimination, which is directly imposed by laws or regulations. Understanding de facto discrimination is crucial for analyzing systemic inequalities that persist even when laws support equal rights, as these societal attitudes can be deeply embedded and challenging to change.