What does the First Amendment protect?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is a crucial part of the Bill of Rights and it primarily protects several fundamental freedoms that are essential in a democratic society. Specifically, it safeguards freedoms related to religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

By recognizing freedom of religion, the amendment ensures that individuals have the right to practice their faith without government interference. Freedom of speech allows individuals to express their thoughts and opinions openly, while freedom of the press protects the media's ability to publish news and opinions without censorship. Additionally, the amendment guarantees the right to assemble peacefully, enabling citizens to come together for demonstrations or meetings.

This comprehensive protection of freedoms serves to maintain a pluralistic society where diverse views can coexist, thereby underpinning the functioning of democracy and encouraging political debate and discourse. The significance of these rights is reflected in numerous Supreme Court cases that have interpreted and upheld the First Amendment’s provisions.

Thus, option B encompasses the core liberties protected by the First Amendment, making it the correct choice in this context.